Prison Reform in Russia and Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky

The epic Crime and Punishment happens in the late spring of 1865; when radical lawful and social changes moved through Russia. The changes of 1860’s and 1870’s were known as the Great Reforms since they influenced each part of Russian life. With â€Å"an 1861 announcement freeing the serfs and [a] stupendous change of the court framework in 1864,† the Russian culture was all the while progressing from an Estate-of-the-domain style toward an all the more just framework concentrated on balance (Burnham 1227). The transformed punitive framework isn't simply under the cutting edge feeling of equity, yet it gave a far more noteworthy degree of fairness than the past model, ruled by blue-bloods and government authorities. Lingering behind a couple of years, Russia was following the pattern of the other European nations by renovating the reformatory and criminal equity framework (Timasheff 16-18). As indicated by The Politics of Punishment: Prison Reform in Russia, Robbins Jr. attests, â€Å"the Great Reforms of the 1860s set moving a procedure that drastically modified the Russian reformatory system† (1282). France and England previously had transformed and settled courts; along these lines, the Russians wanted to tail them (Historically, from the times of the Enlightenment, Russia needed to be viewed as a prosperous nation like the incomparable European countries, however its overbearing government and social approaches kept it from doing as such. Russia, the little stepbrother of the European states, looked from a separation at the quality of the prospering states toward the west. Russia’s Czars, Peter and Catherine the extraordinary, endeavored to demonstrate the nation like a western state while holding a one of a kind Russian personality, and the nineteenth century delineates this change). Loaded up with a feeling of p... ...count (Dostoevsky 350-355). Dostoevsky is critical of the criminal equity framework in light of the fact that in addition to the fact that it cheats society, yet additionally it swindles its own principles. This omnipotent administrative force is suggestive the past out of line frameworks. Discussing the withering pony in Raskolnikov’s dream, the individuals demand â€Å"she’s damn well going to gallop,† yet Dostoevsky urges them not to continue on pointlessly (57). A total teardown and reconstructed appears the main genuine answer for fixing the complicated equity and correctional arrangement of Russia. Dostoevsky utilizes Crime and Punishment to break down and investigate the changing lawful and equity arrangement of 1860’s Russia. He contends that the genuine motivation behind the criminal equity framework is to restore and reestablish an individual; society needs the organization since not every person is as mindful and eventually great hearted as Raskolnikov.

dynamics of founder effect :: essays papers

elements of originator impact Populaces are partitioned by geographic limits, keeping a particular district/gathering of individuals to share and appropriate its hereditary attributes inside themselves without outward impact. The size of these populaces is dependant upon whether certain mountains, streams, deserts, seas, or other extraordinary geological, social, or mechanical conditions decide the inclination for confinement or relocation. Most present day populaces were initially settled by a moderately little bunch of individuals that for reasons unknown relocated to another uninhabited region, and afterward increased. The hereditary code of those establishing people to a great extent decides the hereditary code of people in the future, making that zone unmistakable having it’s people in the future hereditary code demonstrated after the first authors. Breaking down the authors of populaces requires composed or physical proof to recognize any conceivable originator of a populace. So to investigate current establishing fathers is moderately simpler in contrast with more seasoned establishing fathers as a result of an absence of physical proof for more seasoned populaces. For an as of late established populace, for example, the French pilgrims that moved to the Chicoutimi locale of Quebec, Canada in the 1940’s there is an assortment of composed information about it’s occupants over that time. That data can distinguish the points of interest individual/people that may have established that populace. Different populaces that we have an enormous assortment of information with respect to its originators incorporate white Australians, African-Americans, just as certain Caribbean populaces. Conversely, attempting to decide the establishing fathers whom settled North America from Asia around fifteen thousand years back is cons iderably more troublesome in light of the fact that there is so minimal recorded proof and information on that timespan. This makes it hard to decide the organizers of the huge populaces we know today. Tropical Africa was involved by for the most part Bushmen and Pygmies until around 2,000 years back, when the Bantu talking individuals of the Congo locale created farming, iron, and tamed animals. Following those advances the modest number of Bantu duplicated until they overran a large portion of the African mainland, pushing the Pygmies and Bushmen into regions unacceptable for farmland. The Bantu people groups along these lines established the whole genetic stock of subequatorial Africa again a minor 2,000 years prior. Europe’s establishing fathers came to a great extent inside two movements: one being ranchers structure the Near East around 8,000 years back settling to a great extent along the Mediterranean; the second being from Southern Russia around 6,000 years prior pop ulating northern and western Europe. The hereditary characteristics of the originators of a populace can be sure, negative, or impartial.

99 Ways to Spread the Word About a Book You Love

99 Ways to Spread the Word About a Book You Love You’ve bought a book, and you’ve fallen in love. Or, your best friend’s first novel is coming out. How do you make sure as many people hear about these books you love or these authors you care about? I have a feeling, completely unquantifiable and unprovable but borne out by my own experience, that the more times someone hears about or sees a book, the more likely they are at least to check it out and see if it’s something they would enjoy. So all of the things below matter! They may seem like tiny things, and many of them are, but cumulatively, they make a difference. Many of them take seconds and most of them cost nothing. But if you want to put in serious money, time, creativity and commitment, there are options for those, too. Note: it’s probably best to spread these out over days, weeks, or even months, and across different social media, so that people don’t get thoroughly sick of the very mention of the book in question. That said, the first few days of a book being out are crucial, so by all means go all out (within non-spammy reason) during that first week. Buy the book. Buy it early. Buy it often. That first week of sales matters immensely. 1. Pre-order the book. 2. When the online store prompts you to, share that pre-order on social media. 3. Buy the book for other people. Read (or at least start reading) the book. This is necessary for many of the other steps, and also so you can make eye contact with your friend. (That said, your friend would probably prefer you buy the book and not read it, rather than not buying it at all.) 4. Read the book in public places. 5. Read other books inside this book so that it always looks as if you’re reading the book even when you’re not. 6. Get your book club to read the book. 7. Invite the author to your book club discussion, then blog or tweet about the experience. Talk about the book. 8. Talk about it to everyone you know. 9. Talk about it in public places, perhaps slightly more loudly than is strictly necessary. (But not in the quiet car on the train. This will not evoke warm fluffy feeling towards the book.) 10. Mention the book when you’re commenting on Book Riot’s Inbox/Outbox posts. (Keep it non spammy and genuine though!) Review the book. 11. Review it on Amazon. 12. Review it on other countries’ Amazon stores, especially, if it’s a book in English, on .co.uk and .ca. 13. If you speak another language, write a review in the relevant Amazon stores too. 14. Copy and paste your review into Goodreads. 15. Copy and paste your review into every other store you can find: Kobo, Barnes and Noble, WH Smith, Chapters, Fnac. 16. Copy and paste your review onto your blog. Facebook 17. Click on the little face and do an “am reading” status update â€" preferably one that shows the book’s cover. 18. Like the book. 19. Like the author’s page. 20. Invite your friends (selectively, in a non spammy way) to like the book and the author’s page. 21. Use the “add a short bio” that we’re now offered to say you’re reading the book. Libraries and Bookshops 22. Request the book at the library. 23. Ask a bookstore employee if they have the book, even if you know they do and you know where it is. You want the booksellers to keep hearing about this book so that they have it fresh in their mind when it comes to recommending things (hand-selling, in bookstore parlance). 24. Pick up the book, and very obviously read it. For bonus points, make appreciative sounds or faces as appropriate. 25. Slightly rearrange the book on the shelf so that its cover is facing outward (but the display is still tidy so a bookseller will not immediately spot it and change it back, and also so you are being respectful to the bookshop). 26. Take a picture of the book in its natural habitat and post it on Instagram/Facebook/Twitter/your social network of choice. 27. If you see someone else pick up the book, tell them about how great it is or why you like it or how lovely the author is. 28. Talk to the librarian or bookshop person about the book when you pay for it or check it out. 29. If you or someone you know works in a library or bookshop, talk to them about hosting an author event. 30. Call the Penguin Hotline and ask for books that are similar to this one. Instagram 31. Take a picture of the book in some arty way and post it with the hashtag #bookstagram. (Search that hashtag for inspiration of said arty things, if you’re not that way inclined.) 32. Also add whatever the preferred hashtag is for the title of the book. Then click on that hashtag and like all the relevant posts. 33. Take a picture of the book with coffee and post it on Instagram with the hashtag #booksandcoffee, as well as the title hashtag. Repeat with #booksandwine. 34. Post a picture of yourself reading the book, with the cover out. 35. If you see someone reading the book in public, take a surreptitious photo and post that too â€" although it’s probably best to ask permission if you’re going to use their face. 36. If you happen to be in New York City and see someone reading it who happens to be a hot dude, take a picture and email it to submissions@hotdudesreading.com for their Instagram feed. 37. Pile up all the books you have that have the same themes or the same setting or the same author or the same genre and take an arty picture. Post in on Instagram with a few good hashtags and link to the all the other social media. 38. Post a shelfie on Instagram and/or Pinterest, and link it to your other social media accounts. Leave the book in strategic places. Preferably with some kind of sticker or note indicating that it is there to be taken and read. If you want to join something official to help with this, bookcrossing.com is a good place to start. 39. Leave it on public transport. 40. Leave it in one of those airport bookstores where you can leave a book/take a book. 41. Leave it on a bench in the park, if it doesn’t rain much where you live. 42. Leave it in a Little Free Library. 43. Donate a copy to your local library. 44. Donate a copy to the local charity shop/Goodwill store. 45. Lend it to your friends. Goodreads Get an account if you don’t have one already, add friends, and populate it with other books, preferably ahead of time, so that you don’t look like a spamming marketing machine when the time comes. 46. Search for the book. Click on “want to read” under the cover picture. 47. Enter the Giveaway if there is one. (You already own the book, yes, but you can do many things with this spare copy if you do win it, and your entering the Giveaway will show up on people’s timelines, which is the point of many of these things.) 48. In the top right corner, click on “recommend it”. Send it selectively to the people you genuinely think will enjoy it, if possible using the “add message” function. 49. About half way down the book’s Goodreads page, under “lists with this book”, click on “more lists with this book”. Then click on each list; you’ll be taken to where the book appears in that list. Click on “vote for this book”. 50. On the top right corner of the “lists with this book” page, there is an option to search lists, and to create lists. Do a search for lists, anything that is related to the book, and add it if it’s not there already. For example, Books set in x town or books published in 2009. 51. Think about what other lists might work for this book: blue covers, books coming out in 2017, books set in Italy, etc. Be creative. Make the list; add the book; add some others, too. 52. Follow the author or add the author as a friend. 53. Ask the author questions on their Goodreads author page. 54. Under the Explore tab, go to Quotes, and add your favourites from the book or like them if they’re already there. 55. Like good reviews of the book. Email 56. Set your email signature via Goodreads to display the cover of your friends book at the bottom of each email. The List App (or your blog) Here’s a handy refresher if you’ve yet to get the app. It’s like a DIY Buzzfeed or a smarter Twitter â€" where you can make and share lists. Of, if you can’t get the app (it’s iPhone only for the moment), use these prompts for blog posts instead. 57. Make a list of reasons you love this book. 58. Make a list of your favourite quotes from the book. 59. Break the review into bullet points and post it as a list. 60. Post interview questions and (short) answers with the author. 61. Make a list of all the emotions you felt while reading the book, with pics or emoji or gifs. 62. Add the book to all the relevant lists where people are asking for recommendations or books on a specific subject. 63. Write about other things tangentially connected with the book and work in a mention of the book. 64. Click the “…” at the bottom right of the list, and use this function to tweet the lists, and share them in other ways, too. Your Blog See above, but also: 65. Host a giveaway. (The author or her publicist may be able to help you with this.) 66. Blog about the experience of having a friend with a published book. Get Creative 67. Write an essay about your relationship with the book for your blog, or submit the essay to literary journals or book magazines or places like BuzzFeed Books or LitHub or as your audition piece for becoming a Book Riot contributor. 68. Design book swag like t-shirts and cushions and sell them through your Society 6 store (check this is okay with the author first, though). 69. Make a playlist for the book and share it on The List App and/or Spotify. 70. Make a graphic quote (tips here) and post it on Pinterest. 71. Draw a picture of the author, Kate Gavino style, or salient feature of the book, and post it on Tumblr or Pinterest. 72. Design themed jewellery for your Etsy store 73. Write fan fiction and post links to it on social media 74. Write the title and name of the author in chalk on the pavement/sidewalk outside your home. 75. Host a party on the theme of the book. Podcasts 76. Talk about the book on your podcast, or if you’re interviewed on another podcast. 77. Interview the author on your podcast. 78. Write to the hosts your favourite relevant podcasts and suggest they interview the author/talk about the book. (For “relevance”, think broadly: if it’s a book about ballet, for example, contact the ballet podcasts as well as the book podcasts.) Note: be polite, to the point, and non spammy. Send one email (or tweet) and let it go. Quotle 79. Add a couple of your favourite sentences to this new social network that’s designed to share book quotes. Wear or carry or use book swag. I bet your friend will have some you can use, or would be happy to get you some, or even let you design it. Best to check though! 80. Get a t-shirt for the gym. 81. Dress up as the book for Halloween. 82. Get a temporary tattoo. 83. Get a permanent tattoo. 84. Get a book-themed manicure. 85. Get a quote or the title of the book as a custom designed necklace or bracelet from Etsy. 86. Get a mug made with a quote from the book or its cover and judiciously leave it around the office. 87. Get a phone case featuring the book in some way. 88. Set your friend’s book cover as the lock screen and/or background screen on your phone â€" it can serve as a conversation starter or as a visual aid for when you’re talking about the book. YouTube 89. Video yourself speaking enthusiastically about the book. 90. Make a book trailer if the book doesn’t have one already. Share the links to it on social media. Twitter 91. Play along with relevant hashtag games. 92. Tweet about the book with hashtags like #fridayreads, #amreading, #memoir, #beachreads, etc. 93. Tweet about the author on a Friday with the #ff (follow Friday) hashtag. 94. On a Monday, tweet a link to a blogpost that mentions the book, with the hashtag #MondayBlogs. (Play fair and also retweet a couple of other tweets with this hashtag.) 95. Search for the author’s name or the book title’s name and selectively, sporadically retweet positive mentions. Pinterest 96. Make a board of things associated with the book. 97. Search relevant pins, and like, comment, and repin them. All social media 98. Follow the author on Facebook, Twitter, the List App, and every other form of social media that has been invented by the time you’re reading this. 99. Like and repost the author’s posts, including links to their other writing. Do this generously. Your friend will love you forever. Trust me Id know.

The Negative Effects of Child Care on Child Development Essay

The Negative Effects of Child Care on Child Development Dxx Wxxxxxxxx Anthropology 101 Mr. Bxx Lxxxxx September 5, 2010 Is child care having a negative effect on the development of children in the United States? Studies show that there are indeed negative psychological and developmental effects on children. Scientists in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom are coming to the same conclusion. It is best for a child to be cared for at home. Over the past five to six decades women have been entering the workforce in ever increasing numbers. Some enter because of financial need and others for professional and career goals. Whatever the reason, the result for the children is the same; they are in daycare. Many†¦show more content†¦(ProQuest, New York Times, pg. 2). Children must be allowed to grow and mature at their own natural pace. The old saying ‘kids must be kids’ is based on this basic need. Dr. Sigel of the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, New Jersey says â€Å"Denying, or at least not recognizing, the child’s active outreaching curiosity has negative consequences.† (ProQuest, New York Times, pg. 2). When hothousing a child occurs parents run the risk of the children having what is known as achievement anxiety. This is when a child â€Å"come(s) to believe they are valued for what they memorize or produce or achieve†. (ProQuest, New York Times, pg. 2). It appears that there is more evidence that supports the belief that ‘mother knows best’. Meaning, children belong in the care of their mothers, at home, where they can be allowed to play, daydream, and explore their environments. As I welcome a new group of first graders every year, I often wonder what is in store for the new year. They always seem to have a very wide range of personalities, abilities, and maturities. We have the well cared for children that have been raised at home by attentive, mature, well-educated mothers. We have the somewhat neglected children being raised at home by immature, inattentive mothers†¦some who have barely finished high school. Then we have the children that have had to grow up in daycare spending an average of thirty-fiveShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Day Care On The Development Of A Child1592 Words   |  7 PagesIn this assignment I will be discussing the different effects day care can have towards the development of a child. I will be discussing Bowlby’s maternal depravation hypothesis and Ainsworth’s theory of attachment and also the effects of attachment type and maternal deprivation or deprivation on later behaviour and relationships. A day care is daytime care for people who cannot be fully independent, such as children or elderly people. Day care takes place outside the home by someone other than closeRead MoreNon Parental Child Care966 Words   |  4 PagesNon Parental Child Care Non parental Child Care, and the Influences It has on Development Amara Washington SOC312 Nancy Russell July 9, 2012 Non Parental Child Care and the Influence it has on Development In today’s society more and more women are working outside of the homes and are not able to take care of the children on a full time bases. When the parents are unable to tend to their children, they have to seek help from an outside source. Years ago, it was natural for the motherRead MoreThe Effects of Child Poverty on Their Cognitive and Social Development1706 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Poverty on Children’s Cognitive and Social Development PSYC318 Sheehan Gilbert-Burne 6136739 Word Count: 1650 Question 2: Discuss the effects of poverty on children’s cognitive and social development and the extent to which effects might extend into adulthood Poverty is a global issue that has been at the forefront of economic debate for over a century. Left wing politicians and anti-poverty organisations around the world still adamantly fight for aRead MoreChild Care and Education Cache Level 2766 Words   |  3 PagesD1: The expected stage of social development at the age of 4 years old is that children would be with other children, playing with and they start to understand the differences in people and their needs and so are able to get jealous and express anger whilst talking as well as physically and knows how to be creative. D2: The expected stage of social development for age 5 years old is that children will start to understand that having friends is good and they like to play more than being alone. TheyRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1553 Words   |  7 PagesHow Poverty Effects Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educationalRead MoreEffects of Poverty on Children: Literature Review Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesarticles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educational outcomes, health, and parenting effects, and how they were impacted by children living in poverty. Impact on Development The developmental theme included reviewsRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Child Development1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Divorce on Child Development I met the love of my life in my financial accounting class. He was charming, and intelligent, and he carried himself well. Early into our relationship I realized underneath this assuring exterior, was a broken, unstable man. He had issues with trust, and he always took many health risks. He explained to me how hard it was for him to attach himself to people because he figured they would leave anyways. Nothing is forever. he seemed to believe. On topRead MorePositive And Negative Impact On Child Development1320 Words   |  6 Pagesunder foster care. Today’s children living in foster are forced to comply and accept changes made by adults, that decide for their wellbeing. Becoming resilient to life circumstances, in an attempt to find someone that will care for them when abandoned or left to fight for themselves. This paper will discuss foster families as a cultural dilemma, the positive and negative impact on child development, and strategizing ways to help empower them by m eans of suggestions to family, child, and teacherRead MoreNegative and Positive Effects of Peer Relationships1564 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance to a healthy development, helping children through peer pressure, acceptance, and the anxiety of belonging. Yet how important is the environment that a child is raised on, this being shared or non-shared? How difficult or easy can peer pressure be? Will peer pressure help or deter a child from being functional. How much do these factors affect development from childhood to adolescence? This paper will explain the different stages of childhood to adolescence, and how a child and adolescence copesRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1554 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Poverty on Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educational

The One Thing to Do for Prohibition: Why Did America Change Its Mind Essay Samples

The One Thing to Do for Prohibition: Why Did America Change Its Mind Essay Samples Leadership is a method of motivating and influencing a group of people to accomplish common objectives. There are sure biases that include our evolutionary history though. So, you ought to do some studying to get enough factual evidence to strengthen your arguments. Cultural practices and societal norms changed. A massive proportion of students are not able to write superior research papers. A teacher's portfolio can contain an assortment of unique parts of evidence which work to demonstrate their ability for a teacher. To begin with, students find it difficult to write superior research papers due to the fact that they do not have sufficient time. For instance, the students are expected to use primary resources and secondary resources. Prohibition : Why Did America Change Its Mind Essay Samples - What Is It? Totally free Changed America essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no paym ent or registration. Time to learn in order to be adult, learn to make money!! The overall market for historical bottles in the united states is, thus, immeasurable, but it's quite large. Totally free Chesapeake Bay essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Formatting is among the biggest problems nearly all students have to face when they're working on an academic writing task. Students should use many sources when writing research papers. Furthermore, the students don't know the right writing styles to use while writing their research papers. Thus, take a look at essay samples and get to understand what your academic paper should look like. If you've had some negative evaluations, you don't have to include them. If you're clueless as to the way to begin an essay or whether you need suggestions regarding topics, our sample essay education can be of some assistance to you. There are a lot of varieties of essays, it isn't difficult to drop an eye on all your writing assignments. Prohibition : Why Did America Change Its Mind Essay Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone Alcohol and drug usage contributes to family troubles, crimes, and negative effect on the mind. Unfortunately people believe that prohibition of drugs is the exact mistake that was made several years back. When it has to do with health, prevention and precaution are more affordable than the treatment afterwards. Hence a new version of illegal character of alcohol was created. Most people wouldn't have bothered. So long as you stick to the steps above, you'v e legally changed your name free of charge. Usually, one of the greatest ways for a man to comprehend and comprehend new information is to check through the examples of the already completed work. Folks use Lawyer's to change names for a variety of reasons, they could be receiving married or divorced, adopting a kid, Changing religion or even just since they don't like their present name. Where to Find Prohibition : Why Did America Change Its Mind Essay Samples There are additional myths which claim that President Joe Kennedy never drank alcohol, just as Franklin Roosevelt wasn't fantastic as a youthful senator. One of the principal explanations for why Prohibition was repealed was the financial state of the USA on account of the significant financial blow and the Great Depression. Americans get a small tangible victory and claim racism is over. To conclude, to be American isn't as straightforward as being born in america. Last, climate change is creating a gain in desertifi cation. It has the potential to drastically impact the future of the human race, and is intrinsically linked to the water supply across the world. It is one of the most important global issues facing the world today. It will play a major role in animal health. The gain in global temperature will ensure it is extremely hard for farmers to grow crops to feed their loved ones and serve as their main source of revenue. The people of third world countries are also vulnerable as they are unable to get any aid from their very own government or from different countries because it's much too expensive to deliver the medication they require. Among the most prevalent issues in our world today is the matter of deforestation. Rather than killing the cheater, the issue needs to be dealt with.

The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ Chapter 7 Free Essays

Pharisees and Sadducees Jesus continued his mission, speaking and preaching and offering parables to illustrate his teaching, and Christ wrote down much of what he said, letting the truth beyond time guide his stylus whenever he could. There were some sayings, though, that he could neither leave out nor alter, because they caused such a stir among the disciples and among the crowds that came to listen wherever Jesus went. Everyone knew what he had said, and many people talked about his words; it would be noticed if they were not in the record. We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ Chapter 7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many of these sayings concerned children and the family, and some of them cut Christ to the quick. Once, on the road to Capernaum, the disciples were arguing. Jesus had heard their raised voices, but was walking apart from them and didn’t hear what they were saying. When they went into the house where they were to stay he said: ‘What were you arguing about on the way?’ They fell silent, because they were embarrassed. Finally one of them said: ‘We were discussing which of us was the most important, master.’ ‘Were you, indeed. Come around here, all of you.’ They stood in front of him. Now in that house there was a little child, and Jesus picked him up and showed him to the disciples. ‘Whoever wants to be first,’ he said, ‘must be last of all and servant of all. Unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the Kingdom of heaven. Whoever becomes as humble as this child will be the most important in heaven. And whoever welcomes a child like this in my name welcomes me.’ Another time, Jesus had stopped to sit down, and people brought their little children to him to be blessed. ‘Not now!’ the disciples said. ‘Go away! The master is resting.’ Jesus heard them, and was angry. ‘Don’t speak to these good people like that,’ he said. ‘Let them bring their children here. Who else do you think the Kingdom of God is for? It belongs to them.’ The disciples stood aside, and the people carried their children to Jesus, who blessed them, and took them in his arms, and kissed them. Speaking to his disciples as well as to the parents of the children, he said, ‘You should all be like little children when it comes to the Kingdom, otherwise you will never enter it. So be careful. Whoever makes it difficult for one of these little ones to come to me, it would be better for them if a millstone were hung about their neck and they were drowned in the depths of the sea.’ Christ noted down the words, admiring the vigour of the imagery while regretting the thinking behind it; because if it were true that only children could be admitted to the Kingdom, what was the value of such adult qualities as responsibility, forethought, and wisdom? Surely the Kingdom would need those as well. On another occasion, some Pharisees tried to test Jesus by asking about divorce. Jesus had spoken about that subject in his sermon on the mountain, but they had spotted what they thought was a contradiction in what he had said. ‘Is divorce lawful?’ they said. ‘Haven’t you read the scriptures?’ was Jesus’s reply. ‘Don’t you remember how the Lord God made Adam and Eve male and female, and declared that a man should leave his father and his mother and join his wife, and the two of them shall become one flesh? Had you forgotten that? So no one should separate what God has joined together.’ ‘Ah,’ they said, ‘then why did Moses make his specification about a certificate of divorce? He would not have done that if God had forbidden it.’ ‘God tolerates it now, but did he institute it in Eden? Was there any need for divorce then? No. Man and woman then were created to live perfectly together. It was only after the coming of sin that divorce became necessary. And when the Kingdom comes, as it will, and men and women live together perfectly once more, there will be no need for divorce.’ The Sadducees also tried to trick Jesus with a problem concerning marriage. Now the Sadducees didn’t believe in resurrection or an afterlife, and they thought they could get the better of Jesus by asking him a question about that. ‘If a man dies without having children,’ they said, ‘it’s the custom for his brother to marry the widow, and beget children for him. Is that not so?’ ‘That is the custom,’ said Jesus. ‘Well, now: suppose there are seven brothers. The first marries, and dies childless, so the widow marries the second brother. The same thing happens again: the husband dies childless, and she marries the next, all the way down to the seventh brother. Then the woman herself dies. So ?C when the dead are resurrected, whose wife will she be? Because she’s married all of them.’ ‘You’re wrong,’ said Jesus. ‘You don’t know the scriptures, and you don’t know the power of God. When the dead are resurrected they will neither marry nor be given in marriage. They’ll live like the angels. As for the resurrection of the dead, you forget what God said to Moses when he spoke from the burning bush. He said, â€Å"I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.† Would he have spoken in the present tense if they were not alive? He is not the God of the dead; he is the God of the living.’ The Sadducees had to retreat, confounded. Jesus and the Family But for all Jesus’s defence of marriage, and of children, he had little to say in favour of the family, or of comfortable prosperity. On one occasion he said to a crowd of people who wanted to follow him, ‘If you don’t hate your father and your mother, your brothers and sisters, your wife, your children, you’ll never become my disciple.’ And Christ remembered Jesus’s words when he’d been told that his mother and brothers and sisters had come to see him: he had rejected them, and claimed that he had no family except those who did the will of God. To hear his brother speak of hating one’s family worried Christ; he would not have chosen to write those words, but too many people had heard Jesus say them. Then one day in Christ’s hearing Jesus told a story that disturbed him more greatly still. ‘There was a man who had two sons, one quiet and good, the other wild and unruly. The wild one said to his father, â€Å"Father, you’re going to divide the property between us anyway; let me have my share now.† The father did, and the wild son went away to another country, and squandered all his money in drink and gambling and debauchery, until he had nothing left. ‘Then there came a famine in the country where he was living, and the wild son found himself in such desperate need that he hired himself out as a swineherd. He was so hungry that he would have been glad to be able to eat the husks that the pigs were eating. In his despair he thought of his home, and said to himself, â€Å"At home there are my father’s hired hands, and every one of them has all the bread he wants, and to spare; and here I am, dying of hunger. I’ll go home and confess to my father and beg his forgiveness, and ask him to take me on as a hired hand.† ‘So he set off towards home, and when his father heard he was coming he was filled with compassion, and he hurried out of the town to meet him, and embraced him and kissed him. The son said, â€Å"Father, I’ve sinned against heaven and I’ve sinned against you; I don’t deserve to be called your son. Just let me work for you like one of the hired hands.† ‘But the father said to the servants, â€Å"Bring out the best robe, and some sandals for my son’s feet, and hurry! And prepare a feast ?C the best of everything ?C because this dear son of mine was dead, and here he is alive again; he was lost, and now he’s found!† ‘But the other son, the quiet one, the good one, heard the sounds of celebration and saw what was going on, and said to his father: ‘†Father, why are you preparing a feast for him? I have been at home all the time, I have never disobeyed your commands, and yet you’ve never prepared a feast for me. My brother walked away without thinking of the rest of us, he squandered all his money, he has no thought for his family or anyone else.† ‘And the father said, â€Å"Son, you’re at home all the time. All that I have is yours. But when someone comes home after being away, it’s right and proper to prepare a feast in celebration. And your brother was dead, and he’s come to life again; he was lost, and he’s been found.†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ When Christ heard that story, he felt as if he had been stripped naked in front of the whole crowd. He had no idea that his brother had seen him there, but he must have done, in order to mortify him so exquisitely. All Christ could hope was that no one had noticed, and he resolved to keep even more discreetly to the background in future. Difficult Stories Not long afterwards, Jesus told another story that seemed to Christ unfair. Nor was he the only listener to react like that: many people could not understand it at all, and discussed it with one another afterwards. Someone had asked Jesus what the Kingdom of heaven would be like, and he said: ‘It’s like a farmer who went out early in the morning to hire labourers for his vineyard. He struck a deal with them for the usual daily wage, and they set to work. A couple of hours later he was passing through the market place and he saw some other workers standing idle, and he said, â€Å"You want a job? Go to my vineyard and I’ll pay you whatever’s fair.† Off they went, and he went on his way, and then came past again at noon, and then once more halfway through the afternoon, and each time saw some other men standing about, and said the same to them. ‘Finally, about five o’clock, he came through the market one more time, saw another group there, and said, â€Å"Why are you standing idle all day long?† ‘†No one has hired us,† they said. So he hired them on the same terms. ‘When it was evening, he said to his manager, â€Å"Call the men to come and get their pay, starting with the last, and then going back to the first.† ‘When the five o’clock workers came, he gave them each a full day’s wage, as he did to all the others. The workers who had been hired in the early morning grumbled about this, and said, â€Å"You’re giving these men, who’ve only worked for one hour, the same as us, who’ve been labouring all day in the scorching heat?† ‘The farmer said, â€Å"My friend, you agreed to accept a day’s wages for a day’s work, and that’s exactly what you’ve got. Take what you’ve earned, and go. Aren’t I entitled to do whatever I choose with what belongs to me? Because I choose to be good-natured, should that make you ill-natured?†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Another story that Jesus told was even harder for his listeners to understand, but Christ wrote it down for the stranger in the hope that he could explain it. ‘There was a rich farmer who had a manager to look after his business, and complaints began to come to him about the way this man was dealing with his affairs. So he called the manager to come and see him, and said, â€Å"I’ve been hearing things about you that I don’t like. I’m going to dismiss you, but first I want a full account of everything that’s owed to me.† ‘And the manager thought, â€Å"What in the world am I going to do now? I’m not strong enough for manual labour, and I’m ashamed to beg†¦ † So he came up with a plan to ensure that other people would look after him when he was out of work. ‘He called his employer’s debtors to him one by one. He asked the first one, â€Å"How much do you owe my employer?† and the man said, â€Å"A hundred jars of oil.† â€Å"Sit down quickly,† said the manager, â€Å"take your account, and write fifty instead.† ‘To the next one he said, â€Å"How much do you owe?† â€Å"A hundred bushels of wheat.† â€Å"Here’s your account. Cross out a hundred, and make it eighty.† ‘And he did the same with the rest of the debtors. Now, what did the master say when he heard about this? Whatever you think, you’re wrong. What he did was to commend the dishonest manager for his shrewdness.’ What Jesus seemed to be saying with these stories, Christ thought, was something horrible: that God’s love was arbitrary and undeserved, almost like a lottery. Jesus’s friendship with tax-collectors and prostitutes and other undesirable characters must also have been part of this radical attitude; he seemed to have a real scorn for what was commonly thought of as virtue. He once told a story about two men, a Pharisee and a tax-collector, who both went to the temple to pray. The Pharisee stood by himself looking up to heaven and said, ‘God, I thank you that I’m not like other men, a thief, an adulterer, a swindler, or like that tax-collector over there. I fast twice a week, and I give away a tenth of my income.’ But the tax-collector didn’t dare to look up; he kept his eyes down and beat his breast, saying, ‘God, I beg you, be merciful to me, a sinner.’ And this, and not the other, Jesus told his listeners, was the man who would en ter the Kingdom. It was a popular message, no doubt; the common people delighted to hear about men and women such as themselves winning undeserved success. But it troubled Christ, and he longed to ask the stranger about it. The Stranger Transfigured; A Coming Crisis He soon had his chance. As he walked one evening beside the Sea of Galilee, thinking he was alone, he found the stranger beside him. He was startled, and said, ‘Sir! I didn’t see you. Forgive me for not greeting you ?C had you been beside me for some time? My thoughts were elsewhere.’ ‘I am always close to you,’ said the stranger, and they fell into step and walked along together. ‘When we spoke last,’ said Christ, ‘you said that next time we would talk about my brother.’ ‘And so we shall. What is his future, do you think?’ ‘His future ?C I can’t tell, sir. He’s stirring up a good deal of animosity. I worry that if he’s not careful he might meet the same fate as John, the Baptist, or else provoke the Romans as the Zealots are doing.’ ‘But is he careful?’ ‘No. I’d say he was reckless. But to him, you see, the Kingdom of God is coming very soon, and it makes no sense to be cautious and prudent.’ ‘To him, you say? You mean you don’t think he’s right? This is just a guess of his, and he might be mistaken?’ ‘Not quite that,’ said Christ. ‘I think we have a difference of emphasis. I believe the Kingdom is coming, of course I do. But he thinks it will come without warning, because God is impulsive and arbitrary. That’s at the root of it.’ He told the stranger the parables that had troubled him. ‘I see,’ said the stranger. ‘And you? What do you think of God?’ ‘I think he is just. Virtue must play some part in whether we are rewarded or punished, or else why be virtuous? What the law and the prophets say ?C what Jesus himself says ?C doesn’t make sense otherwise. It’s just not consistent.’ ‘I can see how it must trouble you.’ They walked on a little way in silence. ‘And besides,’ said Christ, ‘there is the matter of the Gentiles.’ He left it there, to see how his companion would respond. If, as he thought, the man was Greek, he would naturally be interested. But the stranger merely said, ‘Go on.’ ‘Well,’ said Christ, ‘Jesus preaches only to the Jews. He’s said clearly that Gentiles are dogs, for example. It was on the scrolls I gave you last time.’ ‘I remember. But you don’t agree?’ Christ was aware that if this man had come to tempt him into rash words, this was exactly the way he would do it: lead him by soft questions. ‘Again, sir,’ he said carefully, ‘I think it’s a matter of emphasis. I know that the Jews are the beloved people of God ?C the scripture says that. And yet God surely created the Gentiles too, and there are good men and women among them. Whatever form the Kingdom may take, it will surely be a new dispensation, and it would not be surprising, given the infinite mercy and justice of God, to find his love extending to the Gentiles†¦ But these mysteries are deep, and I may be wrong. I wish, sir, you would tell me what the truth is. It lies beyond time, as you told me, but my knowledge is lacking, and my vision clouded.’ ‘Come with me,’ said the stranger. How to cite The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ Chapter 7, Essay examples

Legalizing Marijuana Essays - Cannabis, Cannabis Smoking, Entheogens

Legalizing Marijuana What this can't be true, marijuana can't be good for you it causes asthma and bronchitis. Oh wait I almost forgot thats just another misconception of marijuana in truth it is actually good for people suffering from asthma and bronchitis. Yeah right, this wonder of a drug isn't only not bad for you, but it can actually promote good health. This drug can save lives, it can restore people's vision, in fact there isn't much this drug can't do. Marijuana can save the lives of people diagnosed with cancer, and prolong the lives of people with the HIV virus. It reduces nausea and increases the appetite. If this isn't enough to change your mind about marijuana how about all the people with glocoma? Smoking marijuana will clear up their vision and relieve the pressure in their eyes, AND IT CAN EVEN PREVENT THEM FROM BEING BLIND. Marijuana supposedly causes brain damage but that is only another misconception. This misconception has been tested and proven wrong. The only thing that actually makes marijuana bad for you is the tar in it, and it is not good for your lungs to breathe in anything that hot. Now these aren't terribly bad for you, but they can be overcome by using a bong or waterpipe and putting ice in it. Every year law enforcement spends countless man-hours trying to apprehend marijuana dealers and growers. This time would be better utilized in dealing with more serious crimes. A study carried out in California clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of marijuana as a treatment for cancer: Over 74 percent of the cancer patients treated in the program have reported that marijuana is more effective in relieving their nausea and vomiting than any other drug they have tried.(Zeese 1990). Moreover, several other things can be produced commercially using the marijuana plant. There is a possible revenue obtainable from hemp, which can be manufactured into clothing material, vegetable oil, paper product, and livestock feed (Caputo and Ostrom 485). However, crime enforcement energy is often spent dealing with cases that are not necessary. The police spend useless time trying to arrest marijuana growing and smokers. If marijuana is legalized, drug-fighting

Parts of Speech Essays

Parts of Speech Essays Parts of Speech Essay Parts of Speech Essay Nouns  are a  part of speech  typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea. These are the subjects in the sentence. Kinds of Nouns Common Nouns A common noun is the word used for a class of person, place or thing. Examples: * Car * Man * Bridge * Town * Water * Metal * Ammonia Proper Nouns A proper noun is the name of a person, place or thing (i. e. , its own name). A proper noun always starts with a capital letter. Examples: * Michael * Africa * Peking * Dayton Peace Accord * United Nations * The Tower of London * Uncle George Uncle  is written with a capital letter because it is part of his name. ) * My favourite auntie is Auntie Sally. (In this example, the first  auntie  is a common noun, but the second  Auntie  is part of a proper noun. ) * The Red Lion Collective Nouns A  collective noun  is the name of a number (or collection) of people or things taken together and spoken of as one whole. Examples: * team * choir * flock * gang * pack Abstract Nouns An abstract noun is a  type of noun  that refers to something with which a person cannot physically interact.A noun that is abstract is an aspect, concept, idea, experience, state of being, trait, quality, feeling, or other entity that cannot be experienced with the five senses. Examples: * love * joy Compound Nouns Are nouns that are made up of more than one word Examples: * courts: * Five table * One chair * Seven awards Twelve candidates *   Six bottles Mass Nouns Also known as nons: * Food * music Pronouns Pronouns are words that substitute for  nouns a person, place, thing, or an idea. Kinds of Pronouns Personal Pronouns: Personal pronouns  are  pronouns  that are associated primarily with a particular  grammatical person  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ first person, second person, or third person. SINGULAR.An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies. ? Descriptive Adjectives or adjective of quality ? Adjective of quantity ? Predicative Adjectives ? Personal Titles ? Possessive Adjectives ? Demonstrative Adjectives ? Indefinite Adjectives ? Interrogative adjectives ? Comparative Adjectives Adverb Adverbs are words that modify a  verb,  adjective, another adverb. Kinds of Adverb: Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of Manner tell us the manner or way in which something happens. Adverbs of Place Adverbs of Place tell us the place where something happens.Adverbs of Time Adverbs of Time tell us something about the time that something happens. Adverbs of Degree Adverbs of Degree tell us the degree or extent to which something happens. Preposition A  preposition  links  nouns,  pronouns  and  phrases  to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the  object  of the preposition. Prepositions for Time Prepositions used for time of different natures are  in, on at etc. Preposition for Place Prepositions â€Å"in, on or at† are usually used for different places. Preposi tion for DirectionPrepositions like to, towards, through, into are used to describe the direction. Conjunctions A conjunction is a joiner, a word that  connects  (conjoins) parts of a sentence. Coordinating Conjunctions These conjunctions are used to link or join two words or phrases that are equally important and complete in terms of grammar when compared with each other. For And Nor But Or Yet Soon Subordinating Conjunctions These conjunctions are used to join an independent and complete clause with a dependent clause that relies on the main clause for meaning and relevance.Other subordinating conjunctions are   Although,  As,  Before,  Once,  Though,Until,  Whether,  etc. Correlative Conjunctions Correlative  conjunctions work in pairs to join words and groups of words of equal weight in a sentence. There are six different pairs of correlative conjunctions: 1. either or 2. not only but (also) 3. neither nor (or increasingly  neither or) 4. both and 5. whethe r or 6. just as so Interjections an  interjection  or  exclamation  is a word used to express an  emotion  or sentiment on the part of the speaker

Word Choice Formally vs. Formerly Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Formally vs. Formerly Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Formally vs. Formerly A lot of adverbs end with the letters â€Å"-ly.† This does, unfortunately, mean that some unrelated words sound quite similar, such as â€Å"formally† and â€Å"formerly.† So to make sure you can use these terms correctly, check out our guide to what â€Å"formally† and â€Å"formerly† actually mean. Formally (In a Formal Manner) â€Å"Formally† is the adverbial form of the adjective â€Å"formal.† And since â€Å"formal† means â€Å"official† or â€Å"in accordance with convention,† we use â€Å"formally† when something is done in a formal manner. To dress â€Å"formally,† for example, usually means dressing smartly for a special occasion: We dressed formally for the wedding. Alternatively, we could make a â€Å"formal† announcement. This would be a statement that makes something official (even if people already knew about it through hearsay): He formally announced his resignation on Tuesday. The opposite of â€Å"formally† is â€Å"informally.† This implies doing something in a way that ignores official rules or conventions. The adjectival form is this word, meanwhile, is â€Å"informal.† Formerly (Previously) The word â€Å"formerly† means â€Å"in the past† or â€Å"previously.† For example: The Google search engine was formerly called â€Å"Backrub.† Here, we’re saying that Google was called â€Å"Backrub† before it was Google (which is true, weirdly). The adjectival form of this word is â€Å"former,† which means â€Å"from a past time.† All in all, its probably a good thing they changed it. Formally or Formerly? Although these words sound similar, they don’t mean the same thing. As such, you should be careful not to mix them up in your writing. Remember: Formally comes from â€Å"formal† and means â€Å"officially† or â€Å"in a formal way.† Formerly comes from â€Å"former† and means â€Å"previously† or â€Å"in the past.† Since the words â€Å"formal† and â€Å"former† sound more distinct, moreover, you can use them to remind you what their adverbial forms mean. And if you want to be sure that your word choice is always correct in your writing, a little bit of proofreading can be a big help!

Business Proposal for custom shoe store called DECO HEELS Essay

Business Proposal for custom shoe store called DECO HEELS - Essay Example Currently, women are finding it difficult to get shoes of their choice because most of the stores are offering already designed shoes (Shaw and Onkvisit, 2008). Decor Heels will have an unmatched and extensive selection of high heel shoes for women. The model of the business is based on customer selection that will allow customers design their own high heels under the brand name of Decor Heels. Customers will be required to place an order and the company will make an invitation for the design of their selected high heel shoes (Moisander and Valtonen, 2006). The business aims a creating a competitive advantage in the first six months of operation through diverse selection. This will depend on the company’s management team especially the marketing team. It is the expectation of the business to capture at least 20 percent of market share and a profitability of more than $100,000 in the first three years of operation. 1.1 Success Factors There is one main success factor and that i s the ability of the business to enhance satisfaction for high heels among women. The business will achieve this by offering a wide selection of shoes as preferred by customers. 1.2 Business Objectives The objectives of the business are based on the first three years of operation and include: Establishing a retail store based on supplying high shoes that will satisfy customer needs beyond expectations Capturing 20 percent of the market share for female shoes by the unmet need for women to design high heel shoes Establishing a retail business that will grow on its financial performance 2.0 Business Description Decor Heels is a sole proprietorship business based in New York serving the unmet demand for customized high heel female shoes. The business aims at enhancing consumer satisfaction by offering the opportunity for customers to design their own high heel shoes under our brand name Decor Heels. Customers will be submitting their shoe design and the company will be making available the desired designs within a period of two days. Basically, Decor Heels will be keeping close contact with manufacturers and suppliers to ensure that the shoes are made available at the shortest time possible. In order to improve service delivery, the company will establish a total of ten retail stores at strategic locations within New York City and depending on its performance; the business will open more outlets in other cities within the first three years of operation. 3.0 Definition of the market 3.1 Industry Analysis The market for high heels is under the general market for shoes. Decor Heels is targeting the market for high heel shoes which has few market players. The market for high heel shoes is dominated by large departmental stores with other players including shoe-only stores and small retail stores. Departmental stores mainly sell everything with shoes being among their items for sale. They do not put their focus on shoes but all their products on sale. Shoe-only stores as the name suggests specialize in selling shoes only. Small retail stores engage in the sale of female shoes and clothes (Hill, 2011). 3.2 Market Segmentation The general market for female shoes has two population segments including female professionals and housewives. Professionals are defined by their responsibility of working on a full-time basis whereas

What are the effects of sleep deprivation on teenagers Research Paper

What are the effects of sleep deprivation on teenagers - Research Paper Example Teenagers, today indulge in a wide array of activities which may stretch well into the night for example, partying, playing games, online socialising and studying for exams etc. It is recommended that an average teenager needs about 9-9.5 hours of proper sleeps. However, today teenagers barely sleep for the recommended period of time which has negative consequences both on their body functioning and mental health. In fact long term deprivation of sleep may even have serious implications on the health. This has become a matter of concern for parent, educators and researchers who recommend that proper sleep is absolutely essential for both physical and mental growth. Sleep is the period in which the body rests and recovers from the stress it experienced during the day. The body and all its metabolic processes are accustomed to a particular biological clock which is affected severely by sleep deprivation. Several research studies have focused on the association between lack of sleep and hormonal release in the body. Hormones play an important role in the development of the teenagers; however owing to lack of sleep hormonal release is altered which has negative effects on the body mechanism. Researchers have pointed out that sleep restriction alters metabolic and endocrine systems. Hormones that regulate glucose metabolism have been shown to be influenced by changes in sleep patterns. Young adults who are deprived of sleep show increased glucose tolerance, reduction in insulin sensitivity, enhanced cortisol and ghrelin concentration in the evenings and a loss of appetite (Leprult and Cauter, 2010). The altered regulation in glucose metabolism has not only led to an increase in obesity among teenagers but has also led to an increase in Type II diabetes. Lack of sleep also affects immunity of developing teenagers. Sleep deprivation has been associated with increased lymphocyte activity and enhanced levels of Interleukin-1

Consumer Behaviour Towards Milk Products

Consumer Behaviour Towards Milk Products Consumer behavior is the study of when, why, how, and where people do or do not buy products. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics and behavioral variables in an attempt to understand peoples wants. It also tries to assess influences on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. Consumer behavior is influenced by: demographics, psychographics (lifestyle), personality, perceptions, motivation, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and feelings. Consumer behavior concern with consumer need consumer actions in the direction of satisfying needs leads to his behavior of every individual depend on thinking process. Consumers with similar incomes and socio-demographic characteristic, facing similar relative prices, and equipped with similar information, tend to choose similar baskets of goods ( Connor, 1991). There is much research on dairy products that show that socio-economic factors and consumers demographic factors have a major impact on their consumption of dairy products (e.g. Bogue and Ritson, 2006; Armstrong et al., 2005; Valli and Traill, 2005; Tendero and Bernabeu, 2005; Vermeir and Verbeke, 2006; Viaene and Gellynck, 1997; Kotler, 1997). In addition, cultural diversity may have an important influence on consumption (Valli and Traill, 2005). There are large differences in the quality of life indicators between urban and rural areas (Sengul and Sengul, 2006). Also there are differences among the urban and rural populations in terms of their socio-economic and demographic characteristics. Customer behavior study is based on consumer buying behavior, with the customer playing the three distinct roles of user, payer and buyer. Relationship marketing is an influential asset for customer behavior analysis as it has a keen interest in the re-discovery of the true meaning of marketing through the re-affirmation of the importance of the customer or buyer. A greater importance is also placed on consumer retention, customer relationship management, personalization, customization and one-to-one marketing. Social functions can be categorized into social choice and welfare functions. The idea that customers prefer one product or one service over another is not new. The ability to identify and measure the elements of such preference decisions with any accuracy and reliability has only recently become available. Research into this area of consumer behavior has brought understanding to some of the major issues with standard customer satisfaction research. Most importantly, we have come to realize that high customer satisfaction does not assure continued customer preference. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR CULTURAL FACTORS: Culture Sub-Culture Social Class SOCIAL FACTORS: Reference Group Family Role and Status PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS: Motivation Perception Learning Attitudes Beliefs PERSONAL FACTORS: Age and Life-Cycle Occupation Economic Situation Lifestyle Personality Figure 1.2 Factors affecting Consumer Behavior Consumer behavior is defined ad the mental and emotional process along with the physical activities of the people who purchase/consume goods and services to satisfy their particular needs and wants. Consumer is the most important person to the marketer because the marketer takes in to consideration on the liking and disliking of the consumer and he produces the goods and services accordingly. Consumer behavior is important for the three persons. For consumer: As a consumer most of the time will spend time in the market and a lot on decision making that what to buy and how to buy and meeting and conferencing with different types of peoples and friends with different types of good and services. For producer: Consumer behavior is also important for producer because producer design and manufacture different types of product and services keeping in view the wants and needs of consumer. For scientist: The knowledge of consumer behavior is also important for scientists, whether the scientist is working for profitable organization or non profitable organization. One of the advantages of consumer behavior can be seen when looking at advertisers and how they advertise by keeping the consumers in mind. Advertisers spend a lot of money to keep individuals and groups of individuals (markets) interested in their products. To succeed, they need to understand what makes potential customers behave the way they do. The advertisers goal is to get enough relevant market data to develop accurate profiles of buyers that is basically to find the common ground and symbols for communication. This involves the study of consumer behavior, the mental and emotional process and the physical activities of the people who purchase and use goods and services to satisfy particular needs and wants. Along side the behavior of organizational buyers (the people who purchase the products and services for use in business and government). The primary mission of advertising is to reach prospective customers and influence their awareness, attitudes and buying behavior. This can be done successfully only through knowing the consumer preferences, behavior towards various stimuli i.e. consumer behavior. 1.2 CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS, ATTITUDES AND MOTIVES TOWARDS MILK PRODUCT 1.2.1 Consumer Perceptions As a consumer, decision making is a very important factor as good decision making will see the Prosper but poor decision making could cost it a lot. In the fact, consumer perceptions influence all the decision of consumer. Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. The perception is important in the study of consumer behavior because people or consumer behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. These factors can reside in the perceiver, in the object or target being perceived, or in the context of the situation in which the perception is made. Factor in the perceiver: Attitudes Motives Interests Experience Expectations Factor in the situation: Time Work setting Social setting Factors in the target: Novelty Motion Sounds Size Background Proximity Similarity PERCEPTIONS Figure 1.3 Factors that influence perceptions. Perceptions and Individual Decision Making, Organization Behavior (Fifth Edition) When an individual looks at a target and attempts to interpret what he or she sees, that interpretation is heavily influenced by the personal characteristic of the individual perceiver. Personal characteristic that affect perception include a persons attitudes, personality, motives, interests past experiences and expectations. Characteristic of the target being observed can affect what is perceived. Loud people are more likely to be noticed in a group than the quiet ones. For example of the milk product is the milk product with more benefit and promotion are more likely to be noticed in consumer mind than the low promotions. So, too, are extremely attractive or unattractive individuals. Because targets are not looked at in isolation, the relationship of a target to its background also influences perceptions. Based on study by Grunert et al. (2000) mentioned that consumer perception of dairy product quality was characterized by four major dimensions, hedonic, health-related, convenience related and process related. The information of the product itself rather than the physiological properties of the product influenced consumer acceptance of dairy product. Watanabe et al. (1997) classified consumer characteristics of milk consumption and indicated that men, middle-aged people, and people with no calcium concerns preferred soda and alcoholic beverages. People with relatively stronger health concerns consumed more milk products. Hsu and Kao (2001) evaluated product attributes and demographic factors that influenced purchases of fluid milk products in Taiwan using consumer survey data. Their result revealed that larger households purchases more fluid milk products. Households with higher income and household shoppers with higher educational levels tended to reduce purchases of flavoured milk products. 1.2.2 Consumer Attitudes As a consumer, each of us has a vast number of attitudes towards products, services, advertisements, direct mail, the internet, and retail stores. Within the context of consumer behavior, an appreciation of prevailing attitudes has considerable strategic merit. To get at the heart of what is driving consumers behavior; attitude research has been used to study a wide range of strategic marketing questions. For example, attitude research is frequently undertaken to determine whether consumers will accept a proposed new-product idea, to gauge why a firms target audience has not reacted more favorably to its new promotional theme, or to learn how target customers are likely to react to a proposed change in the firms packaging design. 1.2.1.1 The Attitude-Toward-Object Model The attitude towards object model is especially suitable for measuring attitudes towards a product or service category or specific brands. According to this model, the consumers attitude toward a product or specific brands of a product is a function of the presence and evaluation of certain product-specific beliefs and attributes. In other words, consumers generally have favorable attitudes towards those brands that they believe have an adequate level of attributes that they evaluate as positive, and they have unfavorable attitudes towards those brands they feel do not have an adequate level of desired attributes or have too many negative or undesired attributes. Conducting consumer attitude research with children, especially gauging their attitudes towards products and brands is an ongoing challenge. What are needed are new and effective measurement approaches that allow children to express their attitudes toward brands. 1.2.1.2 The Attitudes-Toward-Behavior Model The attitude toward behavior model is the individuals attitude toward behaving or acting with respect to an object rather than the attitude toward the object itself. The appeal of the attitude toward behavior model is that it seems to correspond somewhat more closely to actual behavior than does the attitude toward object model. 1.2.1.3 Theory of Reasoned Action Model The theory of reasoned action represents a comprehensive integration of the attitude components which is the consumer in this case, that ultimately are the building blocks of preference on multinational milk brand. The model is designed to provide a better understanding of how consumer preference is formed and, correspondingly, to provide the means to accurately predict consumer preference behavior. Figure 1.3 provides an overview of customer preference formation from the theory of reasoned action point of view. In order to understand preference it is need to determine the functional or performance demands involved in the purchase, the desired emotive outcomes, and the subjective norms consumers use to determine their desire for one milk product or brand over another. The primary assumption of the model is that individuals make considered purchases. In some cases the consideration may be minimal and the purchase behavior almost habitual. In another the period of consideration (incubation) may be extensive and each element of the consideration process carefully examined. Belief that the behavior leads to certain outcomes Attitude toward The behavior Evaluation of the Outcomes Preference Behavior Intention to buy milk Beliefs that specific referents think I should or should not perform the behavior Subjective comparison norm Motivation to comply with the specific referents Figure 1.3 Basic Structural Model of Customer Preference Formation Source: Adapted from Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein, Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1980), 84. The important contribution of the reasoned action model is the realization that consumers utilize the model in all purchase experiences of milk to a lesser or greater extent. Of equal importance is the realization that the components used to make a preference decision are also the ones employed by a consumer to evaluate the performance success of the milk product or service purchased and the company responsible for them. Therefore, as the components of preference on milk brand change, the elements influencing satisfaction change accordingly. The relationship is dynamic and fluid therefore static or predetermined satisfaction analytic packages often miss the most important elements of preference and can create a false sense of security on the part of companies who think that since their customer satisfaction scores are high they must in turn have relatively loyal customers. The theory of reasoned action assumes a consequence for the action taken. People prefer some product, someone, or some service because they determined the object was best aligned with companys performance and emotive requirements as judged through our comparative norms. People evaluate the performance in light of how well the product, person or service meets their preference expectations. (www.icrsurvey.com//Customer%20Preference%20Formation_1205.doc) 1.2.3 Consumer Motivation Motivation is one of the important factors that can influence the consumer behavior. Motivation is the processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal. The famous theory in the development of motivation concepts is the Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. HIRARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY It is probably safe to say that the most well-known theory of motivation is Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. The hypothesized that within every human being there exists a hierarchy of five needs. These needs are: Physiological: includes hunger, thirst, shelter, sex and other bodily needs. Safety: includes security and protection from physical and emotional harm. Social: includes affection, belongingness, acceptance and friendship. Esteem: includes internal esteem factors such as self-respect, autonomy and achievement and external esteem factors such as status, recognition and attention. Self- actualization: the drive to become what one is capable of becoming: includes growth, achieving ones potential and self-fulfillment. Need 3: Social Need Need 1: Physiological Need Need 2: Safety Need Need 4: Esteem Need Need 5: Self Actualization Figure 1.2.3 Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Model As each of these needs becomes substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. In terms of the figure 1.2.3, the individual moves up the steps of the hierarchy. From the standpoint of motivation, the theory would say that although no need is ever fully gratified, a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates. So, if the consumer wants to motivate someone, according to Maslow, the consumer need to understand what level of the hierarchy that consumer is currently on and focus on satisfying the needs at or above that level. While customers have different motivations for consuming the things they do, all consumers have motivations that guide them to want, and purchase certain goods or services. Some motivations for consumption could include the need for status, social acceptance, security or individuality while other motivations are unconscious and can be utilized by marketers to hook consumers into buying a product they never knew they always wanted. Beyond more emotional appeals there is the very real and tangible model of needs proposed by Abraham Maslow in his Hierarchy of Needs pyramid. Maslows theory indicates that most consumer motivations can be attributed to where they fall on the pyramid of needs he developed. The lower level on Maslows pyramid begins with basic physiological needs (dinking fluids, eating, sleeping, etc.), and climbs all the way to the highest level on the pyramid to the need for beauty (as cited in Lindquist Sirgy, 2003, p. 250-251). Maslow believed that a person moved through each level of need sequentially. In other words, once the needs in one category were met completely, a person would move up to the next most immediate category, and his or her purchasing motivations would change as a result of the new category to which he or she would become a part of (as cited in Lindquist Sirgy, 2003, p. 250-251). Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower orders. Physiological and safety needs were described as lower order needs and social, esteem and self-actualization as higher-order needs. The differentiation between the two orders was made on the premise that higher-order needs are satisfied internally (within the person), whereas lower-order needs are predominantly satisfied externally (by things such as pay, union contracts and tenure). Unfulfilled Needs, Wants, and Desires Tension Learning Drive Behavior Goal or Need Fulfillment Cognitive Processes Tension Reduction Figure 1.4 Model of Motivation Process Source: From Jeffrey F. Dugree et al. Observations: Translating Values into Product Wants, Journal of Advertising Research, 36, 6, (November 1996) The figure above is presents a model of the motivational process. It portrays motivation as a state of need-induced tension that drives the individual to engage in behavior that he or she believes will satisfy the need and thus reduce the tension. Whether gratification is actually achieved depends on the course of action pursued. The specific goals that consumers wish to achieve and the source of action they take to attain these goals are selected on the basis of their thinking processes (cognition) and previous learning. Therefore, marketers must view motivation as the force that induces consumption and through consumption experiences, the process of consumer learning. 1.3 RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1.3.1 The Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior towards Milk Product Consumer purchases are strongly influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. It is difficult for marketers to control such as factors but they should take these into account because it does provide marketers with a guideline. 1.3.1.1 Cultural Factors Cultural factors have a significant impact on customer behavior: 1. Culture Culture is the most basic cause of a persons wants and behavior. Growing up, children learn basic values, perception and wants from the family and other important groups. Marketing are always trying to spot cultural shifts which might point to new products that might be wanted by customers or to increased demand. For example, among this particular family was believed that fresh milk has the highest nutritious value among all types of milk and fitness has created opportunities (and now industries) servicing customers who wish to buy: Low calorie foods Health club membership Exercise equipment Activity or health-related holiday etc 2. Subculture Each culture contains sub-cultures groups of people with share values. Sub-cultures can include nationalities, religions, racial groups, or groups of people sharing the same geographical location. Sometimes a sub-culture will create a substantial and distinctive market segment of its own. For example, people from one country only accept one flavor of milk, it is plain milk. So the people will only buy plain milk and do not want to choose other milk flavor. 3. Social class These are relatively permanent and ordered divisions in a society whose members share similar values, interests and behaviors. For example, high class people who really very concern about their health especially their body shape will only buy low fat milk instead of other types of milk. Cultural factors exert a broad and deep influence on consumer behavior. The marketer needs to understand the role played by the buyers culture, subculture and social class. http://tutor2u.net/business/marketing/buying_cultural_factors.asp 1.3.1.2 Social Factors A consumers behavior is also influenced by social factors, such as the consumers small groups, family, and social roles and status. Because these social factors can strongly affect consumer responses, companies must take them into account when designing their marketing strategies. 1. Reference Groups Groups are a persons behavior is influenced by many small groups. Groups which have a direct influence and to which a person belongs are called membership groups. References groups are groups that serve as direct or indirect points of comparison or reference in the forming of a persons attitudes or behavior. Marketers try to identify the reference groups of their target markets. The importance of group influence varies across products and brands, but it tends to be strongest for conspicuous purchases. For example, an individual may choose a selected milk brand based on their group reference. References by the group can also known as mouth to mouth advertising. The reference group may validate the experience faced by the customer. 2. Family Family family members can strongly influence buyer behavior. We can distinguish between two families in the buyers life. The buyers parents make up the family of orientation. From parents a person acquires an orientation toward religion, politics, and economics and a sense of personal ambition, self-worth, and love. The family of procreation-the buyers spouse and children-exerts a more direct influence on everyday buying behavior. The family is the most important consumer buying organization in society, and it has been researched extensively. Marketers are interested in the roles and relative influence of the husband, wife, and children on the purchase of a large variety of products and services. Consumers are also affected and influenced by the presence of a family member. For example, the parents normally decide what milk product they want to purchase but the children can decide what the flavor is. 3. Role and status Roles and Status a person belongs to many groups-families, clubs, organizations. The persons position in each group can be defined in terms of both role and status. Role consists of the activities people are expected to perform according to the people around them. Status reflects the general respects given to role by the society. People often choose products that show their status in the society. Apart from that, consumers are also affected by their role they play and the status they hold in the society. For example, a general managers role and status will definitely differ from the role and status of a clerk. Bearing this in mind, the needs of customers also change. 1.3.1.3 Personal Factors A buyers decisions are also influenced by personal characteristics such as the buyers age and life-cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, life style, and personality and self-concept. These factors are divided into: 1. Age and life cycle Age and Life-Cycle State people change the goods and services they buy over their lifetimes. The types of milk people buy change during their lifetimes. As people grow older and mature, their desires change. The make up of family cycle also change their behavior. For example, when one person was a kid, he always drinks chocolate milk. But as he grows older, his preference in chocolate milk change becomes low fat plain milk or yogurt. Marketers often define their target markets in terms of life-cycle stage and develop appropriate products and marketing plans. 2. Occupation Occupation a persons occupation affects the goods and services bought. Marketers try to identify the occupational groups that have an above-average interest in their products and services. A company can even specialize in making products needed by a given occupational group. For instance, blue collar workers would buy cheaper milk brand whereas executives will prefer to buy more expensive brand. 3. Economic Situation Economic Situation a persons economic situation will greatly affect product choice. A person with higher purchasing power will be more willing to spend on famous cheese whereby, someone with middle income will choose local cheese, which offer better values. Marketers of income-sensitive goods closely watch trends in personal income, savings, and interest rates. If economic indicators point to a recession, marketers can take steps to redesign, reposition, and re-price their products. 4. Lifestyle Life Style people coming from the same subculture, social class, and even occupation may have quite different life styles. Life style is a persons pattern of living as expressed in his or her activities, interests, and opinions. Life style captures something more than the persons social class or personality. The life-style concept, when used carefully, can help the marketer gain an understanding of changing consumer values and how they affect buying behavior. People who always consume and wear branded stuff might always want to consume only famous milk brand comparing to people who consume milk despite their famous brand. 5. Personality and self concepts (self-image) Personality and Self-Concept each persons distinct personality will influence his or her buying behavior. Personality refers to the unique psychological characteristics that lead to relatively consistent and lasting responses to ones own environment. Many marketers use a concept related to personality-a persons self-concept. 1.3.1.4 Psychological Factors A persons buying choices are also influenced by four major psychological factors motivation, perception, learning, and beliefs and attitudes. Motivation Motivation a person has many needs at any given time. A need becomes a motive when it aroused to a sufficient lever of intensity. A motive is a need that is sufficiently pressing to direct the person to seek satisfaction. Motivation is based on Maslows hierarchy of Needs. According to Maslow, a person tries to satisfy the most important need first, which is known as the survival needs or the psychological needs. When the important need is satisfied, it ceases to act as a motivator and the person will subsequently try to satisfy the next important need, known as safety needs. Base on Maslow theory, it is stated that a person should meet their basic and physiological needs like food, shelter, and clothes. It can be applied to milk as well whereby a person with low income will think how to eat food which can fulfill their body need such as rice before they consume milk which is nutritious but can not satisfy their hunger. Perception Perception a motivated person is ready to act. How the person acts is influenced by his or her perception of the situation. Two people with the same motivation and in the same situation may act quite differently because they perceive the situation differently. Perception is the process by which people select, organize, and interpret information to form a meaningful picture of the world. Learning when people act, they learn. Learning Learning is the reinforcement process, which an individual gained through the experiences. The practical significance of learning theory of marketers is that they can build demand for a product by associating it with strong drives, using motivating cues, and to the same drives as competitors and providing similar cues because buyers are more likely to transfer loyalty to similar brands then to dissimilar ones. Or it may design its brand to appeal to a different set of drives and offer strong cue inducements to switch (discrimination). Belief and Attitudes Beliefs and Attitudes through acting and learning, people acquire their beliefs and attitudes. These in turn influence their buying behavior. A belief is a descriptive thought that a person has about something. Marketers are interested in the beliefs that people formulate about specific products and services. If some of the beliefs are wrong and prevent purchase, the marketer will want to launch a campaign to correct them. People have attitudes regarding religion, politics, clothes, music, food, and almost everything else. An attitude describes a persons relatively consistent evaluations, feelings, and tendencies toward an object or idea. Attitudes put people into a frame of mind of liking or disliking things, moving toward or away from them. Based on study (Morrison, 2002) attitude describes a persons relatively consistent evaluations consistent evaluations, feelings and tendencies toward and object or an idea. (Morrison, Alastair M, Ph.D., Hospitality and Travel Marketing, 3rd Edition, Thompson Learning, United States) SUMMARY Markets must be understood before marketing strategies can be developed. The consumer market buys goods and services for personal consumption. Consumers vary tremendously in age, income, education, tastes and other factors. Marketers must understand how consumers transform marketing and other inputs into buying responses. Consumer behavior is influenced by the buyers characteristics and by the buyers decision process. Buyer characteristics include four major factors: cultural, social, personal, and psychological. A persons buying behavior is the result of the complex interplay of all these cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. Many of these factors cannot be controlled by marketers, but they are useful in identifying and understanding the consumers that marketers are trying to influence.

Teoria De Los Rasgos Del Liderazgo Education Essay

La teor a se basa de la propuesta de que los lderes eficaces disfrutan de rasgos y caracter sticas personales que pueden influir casualmente con EL exito. Los lideres que alcanza EL exito, alcanza una altura city manager de un metro noventa, esta teoria sostiene que aparte de este resultado responde asi a tal caracteristica. Se admite que los lideres deben tener rasgos en comun, pero EL concepto esencial, es mas alla de los numeros de rasgos, existe una relacion insouciant entre estos Y sobre EL triunfo del lider. Segun los autores Ordway Tead, Chester Barnard [ 1 ] Y Erwin Schell que se destacaron asi en la escuela de los rasgos, ellos mencionan que esta teoria sostiene a traves de los rasgos del liderazgo esta difundido en la poblacion y puede observase Y medir, su posicion Es vinculada con EL logro que tiene EL liderazgo. La hipotesis de la vacante del lider seria buscar un candidato con cualidades que se asocien con los lideres que logran exito. Esta teoria define Las caracteristicas en la mayoria de los individuos categorizandolos como: atrevido, como character sociales, honradas y timidas. La personalidad estudiada en terminos de interaccion de los rasgos mas o menos independientes, Las actitudes y valores. Si las educadoras o docentes en cada faceta de su rol procuran comportarse de una manera mas adecuada, entonces este docente estara ensenando a Sus alumnos ( as ) a comunicarse Y a desenvolverse de modo mas armonico y justo, esto precisamente de lo que trata la formacion del lider. 2.3.6 Teoria de la Interaccion del liderazgo.Esta teoria Se caracteriza Al enfoque de la importancia que aseguran La interacciones entre la educadora y Sus alumnos. Esta teoria tiene como fundamento en la proposicion de exigencia de situaciones y necesidades tanto emotivas como intelectuales, requeridas parity efectuar asi una tarea parity que influya en la eleccion de un lider. Esta interaccion entre lideres y los grupos que desarrollan una actividad tal que constantemente asignan roles del lider hacia los miembros de un grupo. En esta teoria existe La traslacion Y asimilacion de actividades y funciones a realizar en el lider que pueden ser asumidas por un miembro del grupo, lo que permite asimilar facilmente el rol del lider. Esta teoria Se caracteriza Al enfoque de la importancia que aseguran La interacciones entre la educadora y Sus alumnos. 2.6 Liderazgo Transaccional y transformacional.El lider transaccional Es aquel donde EL lider reconoce lo que quiere conseguir en el trabajo Y lo garantiza con conseguir los resultados requeridos. Este liderazgo O EL lider intercambian estimulos por respuestas a La vez responde a los intereses de las characters con quien trabaja Si ellos mismo responde a su trabajo. Hace ampliar EL esfuerzo que conduce Al desempeno esperado. Los lideres transaccionales reconocen las necesidades de Sus subordinadores para asi cumplir los objetivos propuestos. Aclaran las funciones y las tareas organizacionales, instauran una estructura organizacional, permite Al desempeno Y toman en cuenta asi Las necesidades sociales de los seguidores. Trabaja intensamente vitamin E intenta dirigir a La organizacion con eficiencia Y eficacia. â€Å"Liderazgo transformacional como opuesto Al â€Å"liderazgo transaccional† que Es mas rutinario Y diario† ( Bernard Boss 1981 ) . Este liderazgo logra excepcionales efecto en los subordinados cambiando asi La bases motivacional del individuo desde una motivacion comun hasta llevarla Al compromiso a su vez eleva los deseos de logro y autodesarrollo de los seguidores y a su vez promueve EL desarrollo de grupo y organizaciones. Los lideres transformacionales articulan una vision vitamin E inspiraran a Sus seguidores y poseen asi La capacidad de influir, de adecuar la cultura organizacional Y de hacer en ambiente favourable parity EL cambio organizacional. [ 1 ] Fue un estadounidense de negocios ejecutivos, administrador publico, y el autor de un trabajo pionero en la gestion de la teoria y los estudios organizacionales.

How to Analyze - 747 Words

How To Analyze A Case In a case study there is no right or wrong answer. The following suggestions will help you to analyze case studies more effectively: Read the case: The first step to a successful case solution is to read the case, carefully and with an eye for detail – more than once. Don’t rush through it. Look for the smallest of details. That is the only correct way to read intelligent conclusions. Look for case attachments and accompanying tables and numbers if available. Do not reach conclusions until all facts are considered. Your best defense against surprise is to read the case thoroughly. Take notes: Unlike textbooks which are written in chapter, essay or reprint form, case studies might be arranged in chronological order.†¦show more content†¦Be specific about how the company will know if it succeeded. Quantify the desired results whenever you can. Identify alternatives: After identifying the problem, start thinking about the various alternatives available to the orga nization. There are usually more than two alternatives. Once you identify the alternatives, list the pros and cons of each alternative. This will help you revise the alternatives later in the decision-making process. How To Analyze A Case – Page 2 Define the crucial or critical Issues: The crucial issues are those conditions, which affect the feasibility of the various alternatives. They serve as organizing points around which facts can be grouped and deductions drawn. Identify and rank the critical issues: These issues are at the heart of the case. If you miss a critical issue, you may not be able to solve the case to the satisfaction of your professor (or the client). Consider relevant information and underlying assumptions: Accept the fact that much of the information contained in the case will not be useful to your analysis. You should also accept the fact that you will never know all that you would like in order to produce a solution. Life is like that. So are case studies. List possible solutions: Every problem lends itself to more than one solution. Keep looking for good ideas – even when you have already thought of one that will solve the problem. Listing possibleShow MoreRelatedHow to Analyze an Expository Essa y1684 Words   |  7 Pagessupervisors and co-workers about the companys finances and progress. In order to analyze these expository samples effectively, you must first read the essay, determine the type of expository essay it is, perform a SOAPSTTONE on the essay sample, evaluate whether if the author was successful in conveying his or her purpose to the audience, and lastly, determine any personal relevance to the essay. The expository essay How to Operate the Shower Curtain by Ian Frazier will be used as a reference andRead MoreEssay on How to Analyze a Website700 Words   |  3 PagesHow to Analyze a Web Site Gina Dobbii BSHS 351 April 5, 2012 Firpo Carr How to Analyze a Web Site Designing a website may vary from person to person depending on their taste and style. There are millions of websites out there, each one designed differently from another. When you want to analyze a website quickly and simply there are a few fast standards that all websites should follow. These are 10 steps someone can follow to analyze a website in minutes. 1. Don’t make me think, thisRead MoreHow To Analyze Films Essay2232 Words   |  9 PagesDid you know it is more to film broadcasting than just visible viewing it? The ability to analyze films implicates closely examination of cinematography. Cinematography refers to the process in film of lighting a shot and achieving quality in the visual images that are captured. The cinematographer in any film is also known as the director of photography and may be either an artist or a technician. It is this individual who is responsible for ensuring that the images appearing on screen are presentedRead MoreHow to Analyze the Regression Analysis Output from Excel971 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Analyze the Regression Analysis Output from Excel In a simple regression model, we are trying to determine if a variable Y is linearly dependent on variable X. That is, whenever X changes, Y also changes linearly. A linear relationship is a straight line relationship. In the form of an equation, this relationship can be expressed as Y = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²X + e In this equation, Y is the dependent variable, and X is the independent variable. ÃŽ ± is the intercept of the regression line, and ÃŽ ² is theRead MoreAnalyze How Theories Of Motivation And Human Behavior Impact1626 Words   |  7 Pages Analyze how theories of motivation and human behavior impact strategies of change management Behavioral management theory was developed in response to the need to account for employee behavior and motivation. The shift moved management from a production orientation (classical leadership theory) to a leadership style focused on the workers human need for work- related satisfaction and good working conditions before theorists started writing about employee satisfaction and good working conditionsRead MoreChapter Five Analyzes How The Different Studies, Like Retrospective1050 Words   |  5 PagesChapter five analyzes how the different studies, like retrospective and prospective studies are useful in clinical studies. To better understand a clinical study first, it is important to take in consideration that there are key words that we need to read before assuming that a piece of information is statistic significant. For instance, there is a difference between all the studies that scientists used to determinate the relationship of a disease status and an exposure. These studies are experimentalRead MoreBusiness : Biblical Values And Analyze How Productivity, Profit, And Competition875 Words   |  4 Pagespaper is to evaluate business under Biblical values and analyze how productivity, profit, and competition can be used and misused in Biblical context. By the definition Merriam-Webster provides, business is defined as, â€Å"the activity of making, buying, or selling goods or providing services in exchange for money.† Business present-day is indeed profitable; albeit riddled with pitfalls. However, from a Biblical stance, an important matter is how that wealth is attained and handled. Luke 16:11 offersRead More Analyze how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at the end of Act 31300 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at the end of Act 3 of The Crucible. During this essay, I will be explaining how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at thee end of Act 3 of his novel, The Crucible. I will be organizing this essay in paragraphs by points. Here are the main points I will be analyzing: - Setting - Stage Directions - Characters and Language - Comparing thee witch trials to the McCarthyism Proctor brings Mary to court and tells Judge DanforthRead More Oliver twist - I am going to analyze how Charles Dickens portrayed2000 Words   |  8 PagesOliver twist - I am going to analyze how Charles Dickens portrayed Olivers life to show his audience the poverty, sickness and desperation that he saw around him ever since he was young. Oliver twist essay I am going to analyze how Charles Dickens portrayed Olivers life to show his audience the poverty, sickness and desperation that he saw around him ever since he was young. The fictitious character Oliver twist was born into extreme poverty. As Dickens writes: It remained a matterRead MoreAP Euro: Analyze how political, religious, and social factors affected the work of scientists in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.882 Words   |  4 PagesThe sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were a period of many changes in world of sciences. Usually the philosophes and researchers of the sciences were either supported or reprimanded by many aspects of life in these centuries. The work of scientists was affected by governments promoting, but also preventing, research of the sciences, religious bodies promoting or condemning the outcomes of experiments and theories and even merging outcomes to religious ideas, and also new relationships between